低排放区和拥堵收费国际经验

伴随中国快速城镇化与机动化进程，严重的空气污染和交通拥堵造成巨大的社会经济损失，缓堵减排需求迫在眉睫。低排放区和拥堵收费政策在许多发达国家和地区被验证能有效缓堵。首先探讨伦敦、新加坡和斯德哥尔摩3个城市成功实施低排放区和拥堵收费政策的特点和经验。总结成功实施缓堵减排政策的关键要素，包括立法保障与领导意志、公众宣传与信息公开、综合性配套政策、精细化管理以及拥堵收费与低排放区有效结合等。基于此，探索缓堵减排政策在中国的应用实践，总结中国低排放区和拥堵收费的方案设计流程。最后，从法律法规、体制机制、效果评估和公众宣传等方面提出相应的政策建议，以应对缓堵减排政策实施过程中可能遇到的问题与挑战。

International Experience of Low Emission Zones and Congestion Pricing Policies

With the rapid urbanization and motorization in China, the severe air pollution and traffic con-gestion have brought a huge social economic loss. Congestion mitigation and emissions reduction are thus becoming a challenge. The existing lessons of low emission zone and congestion pricing policies have al-ready well proved to be effective in fighting with congestion and reducing emission in several countries. This paper first discusses the characteristics and experience of the low emission zones and congestion pric-ing policies in London, Singapore, and Stockholm. Essential factors leading to the successful implementa-tion are also analyzed, including legislation safeguard, political willingness, pubic communication and in-formation openness, comprehensive complementary policies, detailed management, and the integration of low emission zones and congestion pricing policies. Based on the implementation of congestion alleviation and emissions reduction policies in China, the paper summarizes the design process of low emission zones and congestion pricing plan. Aiming at the problems and challenges in the implementation of congestion al-leviation and emissions reduction policies, the paper provides suggestions on legislation, institutional mechanisms, performance evaluation, and public communication.