基于社会剩余最大化的铁路繁忙线路货运定价策略研究

分析得出货主对运输成本的错误感知及部分支付是导致铁路繁忙线路需求拥挤的原因之一,按照个人边际成本确定的个人最优货运需求会导致社会剩余的流失,并未达到社会最优。提出通过收取需求拥挤费用,把拥挤效应的外部不经济性内部化,把货运需求调控在按照社会边际成本确定的社会最优货运量,以合理调节铁路繁忙线路货运供需均衡,达到社会剩余最大化,实现帕累托最优。

Research on Railway Freight Tariff Setting for Busy Trunk Lines Based on Social Surplus Maximization

The consignors' wrong perception to transport cost and part payment is one of the causes resulting in congestion of busy trunk lines.The personal optimal freight demand defined according to personal marginal cost will lead to the loss of social surplus and fail to realize social optimum.The paper suggest to internalize external non-economic efficiency of congestion effect through collecting demand congestion charge,so as to regulate total freight demand into the range of optimal social freight demand which applies to social marginal cost,to reasonably balance freight demand and supply of busy trunk lines,and to realize social surplus maximization and Pareto optimum.