自行车头盔对骑车人头部防护性能的有限元分析

为研究自行车头盔对骑车人头部的防护性能,建立了自行车头盔有限元数值分析模型,并依据欧洲法规EN 1078的动态测试方法,验证了头盔模型的有效性。重建了一起真实自行车事故案例,以研究在头盔在人与车碰撞及人与地面碰撞中头部颅骨骨折及脑损伤。结果表明:在人与车碰撞中,当头部与风挡玻璃中部接触时,佩戴或不佩戴头盔时的颅骨骨折的风险均不到1%,而简明损伤定级(AIS)为AIS2+的脑损伤风险仅降低4%;在人与地面碰撞中,佩戴头盔后颅骨骨折风险降低了92%,而AIS2+脑损伤仅降低了17%。与头盔对颅骨骨折风险的防护性能相比,头盔对旋转运动所致脑组织损伤的防护性能存在不足。

Finite element analysis of the bicycle-helmet protective performances on cyclist head

Established a finite element model of bicycle helmets and verified its effectiveness to measure its protective performances to the rider’s head according to the drop test in the European Regulation of EN 1078.A real bicycle accident was reconstructed to study the head fracture and the brain injury in cyclist-tovehicle collisions or in cyclist-to-ground collisions.The results show that if the head contacted with the middle of the windshield,the helmeted and unhelmeted difference of the skull fracture risk is less than 1%,with an Abbreviated Injury Scale(AIS)AIS 2+brain injury risk reducing 4%in the cyclist-to-vehicle collision.While in the cyclist-to-ground collision,the skull fractures risk is reduced by 92%and the AIS2+brain injury risk is reduced by 17%.The helmet protective performance against the brain injury risk caused by rotational movement is more insufficient than that against the skull fracture risk.