我国边境地区“海港-互市-加工”发展模式研究*

习近平总书记在第十七届中国—东盟博览会和中国—东盟商务与投资峰会开幕式中提出了“推进边民互市贸易进口商品落地加工”指示要求。按照国务院《关于边境贸易有关问题的通知》、海关总署和外经贸部《关于边民互市贸易管理办法的通知》文件要求，边境地区边民在我国陆路边境20 km以内，经政府批准的开放点或指定的集市上、在不超过规定的金额8 000元/d范围内（免关税和进口环节税）进行的商品交换活动，海上互市不仅解决原来互市进口原料通道单一问题，可向东盟十国选购原料，保证原料价格优惠、货源稳定；还可通过海运大幅降低进口原料物流成本，有利于发展边民互市商品落地加工项目。以北部湾港东兴港点为例，梳理以海运方式为支撑的互市贸易和落地加工的港产联动发展需求，分析东兴市港口发展现状和建港条件，结合北部湾港空间总体布局特点，提出东兴港点的选址方案，为促进中国—东盟合作升级、打造“海港-互市-加工”三位一体的边民互市商品落地加工产业集群提供了技术参考。

Development mode of “seaport-mutual market-processing” in china’s border areas

At the opening ceremony of the 17 th ASEAN-China Expo and ASEAN-China Business and Investment Summit，the General Secretary Xi put forward the instructions of “promoting the landing processing of imported goods in the cross-border trade”.In accordance with the requirements of the Notice of The State Council on Issues related to Border Trade，the Notice of the General Administration of Customs and the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation on the Administrative Measures for Border Residents’ Trade，border residents in border areas are within 20 kilometers of the land border of China.By the open point approved by the government or the designated market，in not more than the stipulated amount of 8，000 yuan/day (free of customs duties and import link tax) for Commodity Exchange activities，maritime trade could not only solve the original trade market imported raw material channel single problem，purchase of raw materials from the ten ASEAN countries，to ensure the price of raw materials preferential，stable supply；but also greatly reduce the logistics cost of imported raw materials through sea transportation，which would be conducive to the development of border exchange commodity landing processing projects.Taking Dongxing Port of Beibu Gulf Port as an example，this paper sorts out the demand for port and production linkage development supported by maritime trade and landing processing，analyzes the status quo of port development and port construction conditions of Dongxing City，combines with the overall spatial layout characteristics of Beibu Gulf Port，proposes the site selection scheme of Dongxing Port.It provides a technical reference for promoting the upgrading of China-Asean cooperation and building a processing industrial cluster of border people’s trade commodities in a trinity of “seaport，trade market and processing”.