Grounding Considerations for DC and Mixed DC and AC Power Systems

This paper treats ground faults in mixed DC and AC systems. Grounding methods affect common-mode voltage and circulating currents under normal conditions. Ground faults produce fault currents and systemwide offsets throughout the system with respect to ground. During ground fault transients, the aggregate bus-to-ground ground capacitance and inductance produce underdamped oscillatory overvoltages. Continuous operation under DC or AC offset affects component selection.