基于服务水平的公交车能耗评价方法

以北京市公交运营和能耗数据为基础，从车型、速度、满载率和公交专用道等角度量化分析了公交服务水平与公交能耗的特征关系.研究发现，公交运行速度与百公里能耗存在负相关关系，公交满载率和百人百公里能耗也存在较为明显的负相关关系.不同车型中，单机车的百公里能耗比双层车低约30%~40%，但单机车的百人百公里能耗却比双层车高约5%~15%.设有公交专用道的路段百公里能耗明显低于无公交专用道的路段.最后，以运行速度和满载率为主要参数构建了基于服务水平的公交能耗模型，并应用此模型进行案例研究.结果表明：在满载率超过60%时，人均百公里能耗下降缓慢；当平均速度低于40 km/h时，不同车型的公交车提高行驶速度可以有效的降低人均能耗.

Evaluation Method of Bus Energy Consumption Based on Service Level

Based on the data of Beijing bus operation and energy consumption, the characteristic relationship of bus service level and energy consumption are quantified from the perspective of bus types, travel speed, load rate, and bus lanes. The research shows that there is negative correlation between the bus speed and the energy consumption per 100 km, but an obvious negative correlation between bus loaded rate and the energy consumption per 10 000 passenger-kilometers. For different bus types, the energy consumption per 100 km of the single bus is about 30%~40% less than that of the double decker bus, but the energy consumption per 10 000 passengerkilometers of the single bus is about 5%~15% higher than that of the double decker bus. Finally, using the travel speed and load rate as the main parameters, the energy consumption model of bus based on the service level is constructed and applied for case study of bus energy conservation. The result indicates that when the loaded rate is above 60%, the decrease of energy consumption per 10 000 passenger-kilometers is slowing down. And when the average travel speed is lower than 40 km/h, increasing speed of buses can reduce energy consumption per capita.