大地四边形在隧道洞口投点控制测量中的应用

本文从洞口的投点布设要求、大地四边形的特点及适用性、大地四边形的内业计算方法、工程实例等几方面进行介绍，通过比较、分析，阐述了大地四边形在隧道控制测量中应用的理论和方法，提出大地四边形控制网是用于洞口控制测量的一种比较方便、精确度高的方法，文中的计算方法和实例运用对类似隧道施工中的投点位置选择、洞口控制网布设、内业数据处理等工作有一定的参考作用。

Application of Geodetic Quadrangle Method in Control Survey of Plumbing of Tunnel Portal

The paper introduces the requirements of the establishing of the plumbing points of the tunnel portals, the features, applicability and, the indoor calculation methods of geodetic quadrangle survey method and some application cases. By means of comparison and analysis, it describes the theories and methods of the application of geodetic quadrangle survey method in tunnel control survey, concludes that geodetic quadrangle control method is a convenient and accurate method for control survey of tunnel portals. The calculation methods and application cases can be used as reference for selection of positions of plumbing points, establishing control survey net for tunnel portals and indoor treatment of data in construction of similar tunnel projects.