油田乳状液破乳方法研究进展

归纳了近年来乳状液破乳方法的研究进展,破乳方法主要分为化学破乳法、物理破乳法、生物破乳剂法、联合破乳法和膜破乳法。化学破乳法有破乳剂法、电解质破乳法;物理破乳法主要有重力法、离心法、电学破乳法、膜润湿聚结法和研磨破乳法;膜破乳法有微滤膜破乳法和微孔膜破乳法。介绍了各种方法的特点、破乳机理和发展现状。目前,化学破乳法应用的最广泛,物理破乳法具有一定应用,膜破乳法是近几年来发展起来的破乳方法,具有广阔的应用前景。文中对今后乳状液破乳工作的发展方向提出了建议。

Developments of Demulsification Methods with Oilfield Emulsion

Developments of demulsification methods with emulsion in recent years were summed up. Demulsification methods can be mainly divided into five kinds.There are chemical demulsification method,physical demulsification method,biological demusification method,combined demusification method and membrane demulsification method. Chemical demulsification method includes adding demulsifiers or electrolyte to emulsion.Physical demulsification method includes gravity precipitation method,centrifugalization method,electric demulsification method,wetting coalescence demulsification of emulsion membrane method and grinding demulsification method.Membrane demulsification method includes microfiltration membrane method and microporous membrane method.The characteristics,demulsification mechanisms and development level of each method were introduced respectively.Currently,chemical demulsification method is most widely used.Physical demulsification method is used in a certain field.Membrane demulsification method has been developed in recent years and will be applied broadly in the future.Suggestions are proposed to the development tendency of emulsion demulsification methods.