重载货车轴重与速度匹配关系研究

基于重载货车轨道耦合动力学模型,采用机车车辆与线路最佳匹配设计方法,进行货车轴重与速度的匹配研究.结果表明:25,27,30和40t轴重重载货车容许通过轨道低接头的速度应分别小于110,100,90和60km·h-1;40t轴重重载货车以60km·h-1速度在直线线路上运行时,其轮轨垂向力为249.6kN,非常接近英国铁路250kN轮轨垂向力的限值；在我国现有以60kg·m-1轨为主的干线铁路上开行30和40t轴重重载货车,对轨道结构的破坏比现有低轴重货车严重得多,但开行27t轴重重载货车是可行的;40t轴重重载货车在600m半径的曲线轨道上以40～120km·h-1速度运行时,轮轨垂向力最大值超过了英国铁路的250kN轮轨垂向力限值,轮轨横向力最大值非常接近我国《铁道车辆动力学性能评定及试验鉴定规范》所规定的77.80kN容许限值,另外轮轨磨耗功非常大,因此40t轴重重载货车还不能直接应用于我国现有60kg·m-1钢轨的轨道.

Research on the Matching Relationship between the Axle Load and Running Speed of Heavy Haul Freight Train

Based on the coupling dynamics model of heavy haul freight and track,the method for the optimum matching design for rolling stock and track was adopted to study the matching relationship between the axle load and running speed of freight train.Results indicate that,the allowable speed of heavy haul freight trains with the axle load of 25,27,30 and 40 t at passing the depressed joint of rail should be less than 110,100,90 and 60 km·h-1 respectively.When the heavy haul train with 40 t axle load is running on straight line at the speed of 60 km·h-1,its wheel-rail vertical force is 249.6 kN,which is very close to the limit value for wheel-rail vertical force 250 kN of British Railway.When running heavy haul freight train with 30 t or 40 t axle load on Chinese trunk line railways mainly with 60 kg·m-1 rails,the damage to track structure is much more serious than that of current low axle load freight train,but running 27 t axle load heavy haul freight train is feasible.When 40 t axle load heavy haul freight train negotiates the curved track with the radius of 600 m at the speed from 40 to 120 km·h-1,the maximum wheel-rail vertical force surpasses the limit value for wheel-rail vertical force 250 kN of British Railway.The maximum lateral force is very close to the allowable limit value 77.80 kN defined in Chinese "Railway vehicles-specification for evaluation the dynamic performance and accreditation test".In addition,the wear power is rather big.Accordingly,40 t axle load heavy haul freight train still can not be directly used on Chinese current main line railways with 60 kg·m-1 rails.