基于整船整桥模型的船桥碰撞数值仿真

桥梁在船舶碰撞时受到的动力载荷和响应是复杂的动力非线性问题。近代非线性有限元技术为该问题的求解提供了有效的工具。本文简述了该技术的基本原理，并基于整船整桥模型，对一艘4万吨实船与桥梁的碰撞过程进行了计算。仿真结果显示了船艏结构损坏、碰撞力演变、能量传递和桥墩内部应力变化的详细情景，讨论了船—桥碰撞的力学特征。本文演示的方法比传统的经验公式和简化解析法提供了更为精确的结果。所提供的桥墩应力状态对桥梁的设计与碰撞后的损伤评估有重要参数价值。

Simulation of Ship-Bridge Collision Based on FE Model of Whole Ship-Bridge

It is difficult to accurately calculate the collision force and nonlinear response of bridge duringship - bridge collision. Based on the FE model of the whole ship and bridge, A 40000 t DWT oil tanker withbulb bow head - on colliding with bridge across yangzi River was simulated by dynamic nonlinear finite ele-ment approach. The technology of modeling structures and deciding the related parameters was emphaticallyintroduced. The history and property of bow damage, the collision force, the energy transform and the stressdistribution in bridge tower were presented and discussed, which is of great value to bridge design andbridge damage estimation. Some mechanical characters during ship bridge collision process were ob-tained. Compared with those by empirical formulas and simplified analytical method, nonlinear finite elementmethod can get more accurate results.