Commuters’ exposure to PM2.5 and CO2 in metro carriages of Shanghai metro system |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;2. School of Geography, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;2. Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China;1. Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;3. Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona, TMB Santa Eulàlia, Av. Del Metro s/n L''Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08902, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Air quality inside transportation carriages has become a public concern. A comprehensive measurement campaign was conducted to examine the commuters’ exposure to PM2.5 (dp ⩽ 2.5 μm) and CO2 in Shanghai metro system under different conditions. The PM2.5 and CO2 concentrations inside all the measured metro lines were observed at 84 ± 42 μg/m3 and 1253.1 ± 449.1 ppm, respectively. The factors that determine the in-carriage PM2.5 and CO2 concentrations were quantitatively investigated. The metro in-carriage PM2.5 concentrations were significantly affected by the ventilation systems, out-carriage PM2.5 concentrations and the passenger numbers. The largest in-carriage PM2.5 and CO2 concentrations were observed at 132 μg/m3 and 1855.0 ppm inside the carriages equipped with the oldest ventilation systems. The average PM2.5 and CO2 concentrations increased by 24.14% and 9.93% as the metro was driven from underground to overground. The average in-carriage PM2.5 concentrations increased by 17.19% and CO2 concentration decreased by 16.97% as the metro was driven from urban to the suburban area. It was found that PM2.5 concentration is proportional to the on-board passenger number at a ratio of 0.4 μg/m3·passenger. A mass-balance model was developed to estimate the in-carriage PM2.5 concentration under different driving conditions. |
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| Keywords: | Metro ventilation system Driving condition Passenger number |
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