Evaluating policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from private transportation |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia;2. AD Imlek, Industrijsko naselje bb, 11213, Padinska Skela, Belgrade, Serbia;3. Department of Animal Origin Products Technology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia;1. Institute for Future Initiatives, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan;2. Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan;3. Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;4. School of Urban and Regional Science, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China;5. Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan;1. Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 7343, Wellington South, New Zealand;2. Environmental Studies Programme, Victoria University of Wellington, Private Bag, Wellington, New Zealand |
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| Abstract: | This paper proposes a model system to forecast household greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) from private transportation. The proposed model combines an integrated discrete-continuous car ownership model with MOVES 2014. Four modeling components are calibrated and applied to the calculation of GHGEs: vehicle quantity, vehicle type and vintage, miles traveled, and rates of GHGEs. The model is applied to the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Area. Three tax schemes are evaluated: vehicle ownership tax, purchase tax and fuel tax. We calculate that the average GHGEs per vehicle is 5.15 tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO2E) gases. Our results show that: (a) a fuel tax is the most effective way to reduce vehicle GHGEs, especially for households with fewer vehicles; (b) a purchase tax reduces vehicle GHGEs mainly by decreasing vehicle quantity for households with more vehicles; and (c) an ownership tax reduces vehicle GHGEs by decreasing both vehicle quantity and miles traveled. |
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| Keywords: | Discrete–continuous car ownership models Vehicle type choice Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) Greenhouse gas emissions Taxation policy |
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