Carbon and energy footprints of electric delivery trucks: A hybrid multi-regional input-output life cycle assessment |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States;2. Walton Sustainability Solutions Initiatives, The Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States;3. Department of Industrial Engineering, Istanbul Sehir University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey;1. IC Engines Advanced Laboratory, Dipartimento Energia, Politecnico di Torino, c.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;2. Chemistry and Materials for Energy and Environment Laboratory, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy;1. Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States;2. Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States;3. Western Michigan University, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, 1903 W. Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, United States;4. Colorado State University, Department of Systems Engineering, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1377, United States;5. Colorado State University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Campus Delivery 1374, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1374, United States;6. Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550, United States;1. Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engine ering, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL, 32816, United States;2. Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL, 32816, United States |
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| Abstract: | Due to frequent stop-and-go operation and long idling periods when driving in congested urban areas, the electrification of commercial delivery trucks has become an interesting topic nationwide. In this study, environmental impacts of various alternative delivery trucks including battery electric, diesel, diesel-electric hybrid, and compressed natural gas trucks are analyzed. A novel life cycle assessment method, an environmentally-extended multi-region input-output analysis, is utilized to calculate energy and carbon footprints throughout the supply chain of alternative delivery trucks. The uncertainties due to fuel consumption or other key parameter variations in real life, data ranges are taken into consideration using a Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, variations in regional electricity mix greenhouse gas emission are also considered to present a region-specific assessment for each vehicle type. According to the analysis results, although the battery electric delivery trucks have zero tailpipe emission, electric trucks are not expected to have lower environmental impacts compared to other alternatives. On average, the electric trucks have slightly more greenhouse emissions and energy consumption than those of other trucks. The regional analysis also indicates that the percentage of cleaner power sources in the electricity mix plays an important role in the life cycle greenhouse gas emission impacts of electric trucks. |
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| Keywords: | Commercial delivery truck Battery electric trucks Regional carbon footprint analysis Hybrid life cycle assessment Multi-regional input-output analysis |
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