Influence of driving patterns on vehicle emissions: A case study for Latin American cities |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Istituto di Scienze dell''Atmosfera e del Clima, ISAC-CNR, 73100, Lecce, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca'' Foscari, 30123, Venezia, Italy;3. Istituto per la Dinamica dei Processi Ambientali, IDPA-CNR, 30123, Venezia, Italy;4. Istituto di Scienze dell''Atmosfera e del Clima, ISAC-CNR, 40129, Bologna, Italy;5. Direzione Tecnica, Autorità Portuale Venezia, 30123, Venezia, Italy;1. Engineering Manager (Civil) – EDRC, Larsen & Toubro Construction, Delhi 110 065, India;2. Civil Engineering Department, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur 273 010, India;3. Environmental Engineering Department, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110 042, India;1. Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA;2. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA;1. School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China;2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, PR China;3. Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA |
| |
| Abstract: | On-board real-time emission experiments were conducted on 78 light-duty vehicles in Bogota. Direct emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and hydrocarbons (HC) were measured. The relationship between such emissions and vehicle specific power (VSP) was established. The experimental matrix included both gasoline-powered and retrofit dual fuel (gasoline–natural gas) vehicles. The results confirm that VSP is an appropriate metric to obtain correlations between driving patterns and air pollutant emissions. Ninety-five percent of the time vehicles in Bogota operate in a VSP between −15.2 and 17.7 kW ton−1, and 50% of the time they operate between −2.9 and 1.2 kW ton−1, representing low engine-load and near-idling conditions, respectively. When engines are subjected to higher loads, pollutant emissions increase significantly. This demonstrates the relevance of reviewing smog check programs and command-and-control measures in Latin America, which are widely based on static (i.e., idling) emissions testing. The effect of different driving patterns on the city’s emissions inventory was determined using VSP and numerical simulations. For example, improving vehicle flow and reducing sudden and frequent accelerations could curb annual emissions in Bogota by up to 12% for CO2, 13% for CO and HC, and 24% for NOx. This also represents possible fuel consumption savings of between 35 and 85 million gallons per year and total potential economic benefits of up to 1400 million dollars per year. |
| |
| Keywords: | Mobile source pollution Economic driving On-board testing Real-time emissions Bogota |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
