Emissions of particulate matters from railways – Emission factors and condition monitoring |
| |
| Authors: | Erik Fridell Martin Ferm Anders Ekberg |
| |
| Institution: | 1. IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, PO Box 5302, SE 400 14 Göteborg, Sweden;2. CHARMEC/Chalmers Industrial Technology, Chalmers University, SE 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden;1. KITE Solutions, SRL, Laveno Mombello, VA, Italy;2. Univ. Lille Nord de France, UVHC, LAMIH, CNRS, UMR 8201, F-59313 Valenciennes, France;3. Department of Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden;4. Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), and Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden;1. Department of Transport, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark;2. Department of Spatial Economics, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Business Development Department, NS, The Netherlands;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, 311 John Tickle Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, 322 John Tickle Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States;3. Center for Transportation Research, The University of Tennessee, 309 Conference Center Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States;4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, 320 John Tickle Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States;1. Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;2. Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, UK |
| |
| Abstract: | We report tunnel measurements, where abrasion particles from different types of trains are measured in two situations and emission factors are calculated from these. The measurements show significantly elevated particle concentrations in train passages that last for about a minute and are accompanied by increased airflow. The emission of particles for each train passage was obtained by summing the product of the particle concentration and the airflow and then multiplying with the tunnel area. The average emission factors were calculated for three categories freight trains, commuter trains and regional trains and found to be 2.9 g/train-km (0.7 – 9), 0.48 (0.1 – 1.6) and 0.24 (0.05–0.9), respectively. The number in brackets refers to the range of values observed. The size-resolved data showed maxima around 1 μm for all three train types. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
