An analysis of the methods used to calculate the emissions of rolling stock in the UK |
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| Institution: | 1. Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;2. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), 67100 Assergi (AQ), Italy;3. Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (CSIC-IEEC), Facultad de Ciencias, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;1. Department of Quantitative Methods, University of Brescia, C. da S. Chiara 50, Brescia, Italy;2. TRANSP-OR Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 18, Lausanne, Switzerland;1. Kavli IPMU (WPI), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan;2. ICRR, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan;1. Centre for Sustainable Development, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK;2. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Room 305A, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada;1. NSB Operations and Planning, Postboks 1800 Sentrum, 0048 Oslo, Norway;2. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NTNU Valgrinda, 7491 Trondheim, Norway |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to analyse and compare the methods used for calculating emissions of UK rolling stock based on their type and mode of operation. The three modes under comparison were; diesel, electric and bi-mode. As well as comparing these three modes of operation, a comparison between Conventional, Freight and High Speed Rail was made. Alternate fuels were considered for diesel and bi-mode locomotives and compared based on their environmental impact. The emissions of trains were studied using three methods. Specifically, the three chosen methods were used to calculate the emissions of each train and a comparison of these methods was made. In the current UK energy climate, diesel trains emit less emissions than electric trains when factoring in mechanical and air resistances. Bi-mode trains have their place in the UK network but with electrification of the network currently in place, this mode of operation will become redundant in the near future. High Speed Rail, although time efficient, releases high emissions due to energy consumption increasing with the square of speed. Alternative fuels, such as biodiesel, should be a consideration for the future of rail, as emissions fall dramatically with content of biodiesel in fuel blends. |
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| Keywords: | Rolling stock Trains Emissions Methods Comparative study |
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