Electric vehicle parking in European and American context: Economic,energy and environmental analysis |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195-2700, United States;2. Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 100 Main St. Bldg. E62-438, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States;1. State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Shanghai, 200240, China;2. School of Naval Architecture Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China;3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China;4. HKU-Musketeers Foundation Institute of Data Science, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;5. Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;6. Tencent, Shenzhen, 518054, China;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;2. The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK;3. Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;4. Energy Futures Lab, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;1. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;2. Tsinghua Automotive Strategy Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;3. China Automotive Energy Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;4. Belfer Center of Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge, 02135, USA;5. Aramco Services Company: Aramco Research Center - Detroit, 46535 Peary Ct, Novi, MI 48377, USA;1. Transport and Logistics Group, Department of Engineering Systems and Services, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands;2. Department of Urban Technology, Faculty of Technology, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | The transportation sector faces increasing challenges related to energy consumption and local and global emissions profiles. Thus, alternative vehicle technologies and energy pathways are being considered in order to overturn this trend and electric mobility is considered one adequate possibility towards a more sustainable transportation sector.In this sense, this research work consisted on the development of a methodology to assess the economic feasibility of deploying EV charging stations (Park-EV) by quantifying the tradeoff between economic and energy/environmental impacts for EV parking spaces deployment. This methodology was applied to 4 different cities (Lisbon, Madrid, Minneapolis and Manhattan), by evaluating the influence of parking premium, infrastructure cost and occupancy rates on the investment Net Present Value (NPV). The main findings are that the maximization of the premium and the minimization of the equipment cost lead to higher NPV results. The NPV break-even for the cities considered is more “easily” reached for higher parking prices, namely in the case of Manhattan with the higher parking price profile. In terms of evaluating occupancy rates of the EV parking spaces, shifting from a low usage (LU) to a high usage (HU) scenario represented a reduction in the premium to obtain a NPV = 0 of approximately 14% for a 2500 € equipment cost, and, in the case of a zero equipment cost (e.g. financed by the city), a NPV = 0 was obtained with approximately a 2% reduction in the parking premium. Moreover, due to the use of electric mobility instead of the average conventional technologies, Well-to-Wheel (WTW) gains for Lisbon, Madrid, Minneapolis and Manhattan were estimated in 58%, 53%, 52% and 75% for energy consumption and 66%, 75%, 62% and 86% for CO2 emissions, respectively.This research confirms that the success of deploying an EV charging stations infrastructure will be highly dependent on the price the user will have to pay, on the cost of the infrastructure deployed and on the adhesion of the EV users to this kind of infrastructure. These variables are not independent and, consequently, the coordination of public policies and private interest must be promoted in order to reach an optimal solution that does not result in prohibitive costs for the users. |
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| Keywords: | Electric vehicles Parking Economic energy and environmental impacts |
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