Energy consumption and cost-benefit analysis of hybrid and electric city buses |
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| Institution: | 1. Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;2. University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;1. Department of Engineering, The University of Cambridge, UK;2. Department of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, UK;1. School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;3. Society of Automotive Engineers of China (SAE-China), 102 Lianhuachi East Road, Beijing 100055, China;4. Automotive Testing and Research Institute, China Automotive Technology & Research Center, Tianjin 300300, China;5. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China |
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| Abstract: | This paper presents a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of hybrid and electric city buses in fleet operation. The analysis is founded on an energy consumption analysis, which is carried out on the basis of extensive simulations in different bus routes. A conventional diesel city bus is used as a reference for the CBA. Five different full size hybrid and electric city bus configurations were considered in this study; two parallel and two series hybrid buses, and one electric city bus. Overall, the simulation results indicate that plug-in hybrid and electric city buses have the best potential to reduce energy consumption and emissions. The capital and energy storage system costs of city buses are the most critical factors for improving the cost-efficiency of these alternative city bus configurations. Furthermore, the operation schedule and route planning are important to take into account when selecting hybrid and electric city buses for fleet operation. |
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| Keywords: | Cost-benefit analysis Hybrid bus Electric bus Energy efficiency Energy storage Vehicle simulation |
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