日本列车横风和强风对策研究

随着我国列车提速和高速客运专线的发展,列车的空气动力学问题变得越来越突出和重要.对该问题进行研究时,借鉴铁路发达国家的研究成果是有意义的.日本的铁路发展较早,现代化程度较高,同时因地域关系,台风和龙卷风发生频繁,由此引发的列车事故严重,相关的研究也深入.本文分别介绍了日本列车横风灾害和横风导致列车倾覆机理及计算模型的研究、列车空气动力学专用大型风洞研究、不同外形列车与铁路构造物(桥梁、路堤等)组合的风洞试验研究成果和足尺模型在自然风环境下的测试结果、列车倾覆临界风速研究和保障列车安全运行的管制制度和设置防风栅研究等,为我国高速列车的空气动力学研究提供参考.

Train-crosswind and Strong Wind Countermeasure Research in Japan

Along with the development of high speed passenger lines and speeding up of trains, the aerodynamic phenomena become more and more significant. To carry out this subject of research, it is necessary to learn from developed countries. In Japan, there have been more than 30 train derailment and overturning accidents induced by wind since transport service was started in 1872, so relative researches have been carried out on a large scale. In this paper, wind induced accidents in Japan and the relevant researches are introduced. In order to clarify the train overturning mechanism and obtain the critical natural wind velocity, experiments have been carried out for different typical configurations of trains against different typical configurations of infrastructures such as bridges and embankments. The wind tunnel tests both in smooth flow and turbulent flow and full-scale model measurement in natural wind have been carried out. As countermeasures, train operation regulation and wind barriers installation are introduced.