电力系统脆弱线路辨识研究现状

随着电网进一步互联互通，大停电事故波及的范围越来越大. 电力系统脆弱线路的辨识对预防连锁故障发生、保障系统安全稳定运行具有重要的理论和现实意义. 为此，综述了目前电力系统脆弱线路辨识的研究方法. 将近年来电力系统脆弱辨识方法的相关研究成果分为两大类:第一类基于电力系统状态分析，以潮流计算和电网动态特性为核心，介绍了熵理论法、连锁故障模拟法、风险评估法、能量函数法和强化学习法5种方法在电力系统脆弱线路辨识中的应用；第二类以复杂网络理论为背景，详细归纳了改进介数法、最大流理论法和对偶图法在电力系统脆弱线路辨识中的应用. 然后分析了现有方法具有兼顾系统结构和状态、考虑系统静动态特性的优点，以及缺乏考虑源荷不确定性，仅仅考虑单一线路脆弱性的不足. 最后，结合电力系统发展需求，提出了考虑新能源并网、移动冲击负荷接入、基于数据驱动以及组合脆弱线路辨识为下一步的主要研究方向. 

A Review of Vulnerable Line Identification in Power Systems

With the further interconnection of the power grid, the scope of blackouts have become more extensive. Identification of vulnerable lines has important theoretical and practical significance for preventing cascading failures and ensuring the safety and stable operation of the system. The current research methods of vulnerable lines identification are summarized. The related research results in recent years are divided into two categories. The first category is based on power system status analysis, concentrating on power flow calculation and power grid dynamic characteristics. The application of entropy theory, cascading fault simulation method, risk assessment theory, energy function theory and reinforcement learning theory in the identification of vulnerable lines is introduced. The second category takes the complex network theory as the background. The application of the improved betweenness method, maximum flow theory method and dual graph method in the identification of vulnerable lines is summarized. According to the analysis, the existing methods favorably take into account the system structure and status, and the static and dynamic characteristics of the system, but exclude the uncertainty of the source and load; i.e., they only consider the vulnerability of a single line. Finally, given the development and demands of power systems, the main research interests in the future are illustrated as new energy grid integration, mobile shock load access, data-driven based and composite vulnerable lines identification.