铅暴露对工人健康的影响

目的了解铅暴露对工人健康的影响。方法对某市小型铅冶炼厂32名铅作业工人与某水泥厂33名对照工人进行健康询问调查,检测作业环境空气铅浓度以及工人尿铅含量。结果冶炼厂作业环境空气铅烟平均质量浓度超标52.7倍,7个监测点21个样品的超标率为95.2%。水泥厂铅平均质量浓度超标5倍,4个监测点12个样品的超标率为41.7%。冶炼厂空气铅含量显著高于水泥厂。接触组口中金属味和手握物易掉主诉率明显比对照组高。结论冶炼厂作业环境空气铅浓度超标严重,应该加强通风净化和工艺改革,降低铅浓度。水泥厂空气的铅污染也应引起重视,加强个人防护。

Effects of Lead on Exposed Workers' Health

Objective This investigation aimed at studying the effects of lead exposure on workers' health. Methods 32 lead exposed workers from a smelt factory and 33 control workers from a cement factory were chosen to fill out a health questionnaire. Moreover, urine samples and air samples from work environment were collected to determine the lead concentration. Results The mean air borne lead concentration in the work environment of the smelt factory was 1.61 mg/m~3 which was 52.7 folds of the standard. 95.2% was the rate of airborne lead concentration beyond the standard with 7 monitoring sites with 21 air samples. On the other hand, the mean airborne lead concentration in the cement factory was 0.15 mg/m~3 and 41.7% was the rate of airborne lead concentration beyond the standard with 4 monitoring sites with 12 air samples. Therefore, the airborne lead concentration in the smelt factory was significant higher than the cement factory. Furthermore, the chief complaint rates of metallic taste in mouth and grasping things unstably by hands in the exposed group were obviously higher than the control group. There were no significances in urine lead concentrations and positive detection rates between the two groups. Conclusion Respecting the severe rate of airborne lead concentration beyond the standard in the smelt factory work sites, it should strengthen the transform of technology and degrade the airborne lead concentration. Moreover, it should think highly of the airborne lead pollution in the cement factory and strengthen individual protection.