共同配送对城市货运交通系统的效益研究

从城市GDP、交通基础设施、货运量、货运车辆调度、能源和环境6 个要素出发,构建城市货运交通系统动力学模型,对比实施共同配送前后对城市货运交通拥堵、运输费用及货运系统节能减排的效益变化,寻求解决路径. 以济南市为例,确定模型参数及方程,动态仿真实施共同配送的效益. 结果表明：随着载货率提高、平均运距的增长,实施共同配送的边际收益呈递减趋势,配送时间的昼夜错峰调整也有显著影响;在决策区间载货率[70%, 80%]、平均运距[70, 80] km、配送时间昼夜比例[6∶4,7∶3]下,共同配送总体效益最优;节能减排效益仍存在挖掘的潜力,通过提高新能源货运车承担的货运比重,每20%的增加将带来货运系统节能减排平均30%的降低.

Benefits of Common Distribution to Urban Freight Transportation System

Based on the six factors of urban GDP, transport infrastructure, freight volume, freight vehicle scheduling, energy and environment, the dynamic model of urban freight transportation system is constructed, which compares changes on the congestion, transportation costs, energy saving and emissions reductions of freight transportation system before and after the implementation of common distribution. Taking Jinan City as an example, and the results show that with the increase of loading occupancy and average transportation distance, the marginal revenue of implementing common distribution is decreasing, and the peak-to-night adjustment of delivery time also has a significant impact. The overall efficiency of the joint distribution is optimal under the load-carrying rate of [70%, 80%], the average shipping distance of [70, 80] km, and the distribution day- to- night ratio of [6∶4 , 7∶3] . However, energy saving and emission reduction benefits can be further improved by increasing the proportion of new energy trucks, the result shows that every 20% increase of using new energy trucks will bring about an average reduction of 30% in energy saving and emission reduction of freight transportation systems.