城市水下道路隧道驾驶安全影响因素分析和改善思路

总结城市水下道路隧道事故分布规律，从驾驶人、隧道光环境及道路条件3方面分析隧道驾驶安全影响因素，对现有安全改善措施及其优缺点进行剖析，并指出城市水下道路隧道驾驶安全优化研究趋势： 应以提升隧道光环境质量为主，考虑交通事故形态、事故致因及影响因素，在确保交通安全的基础上，考虑不同隧道路段驾驶人差异化视觉需求。驾驶人视觉需求可以分为功能性、安全性与舒适性需求，对应的隧道行车环境可分为基本型、安全型与舒适型视觉参照系。提出以构建城市水下道路隧道舒适型视觉参照系为目标，通过隧道照明与隧道视线诱导技术相结合，缓解隧道出入口参照系的剧烈过渡，加强中间段弱视觉参照的城市水下道路隧道驾驶安全优化方法。构建基于空间路权、人因与驾驶任务、差异性与韵律性的隧道驾驶安全优化评价指标体系，为城市水下道路隧道驾驶安全优化提供新思路。

Analysis of Influencing Factors and Improve Ideas for Driving Safety inUrban Road Underwater Road Tunnels

In this paper, the accident distribution law of urban underwater road tunnel is summarized. The factors influencing the driving safety of the tunnel are analyzed from three aspects of driver factor, tunnel light environment and tunnel alignment. The existing security improvement measures and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed, and the research trend of driving safety optimization of underwater tunnel is prospected, which refers to regarding the improvement of tunnel light environment quality as the key, considering traffic accident forms, causes and influencing factors and as well as the differential visual demands of drivers in different tunnel areas on the basis of ensuring traffic safety. The drivers′ visual demands can be divided into functional, safety and comfort requirements, and correspondingly, the tunnel driving environment can be divided into basic, safe and comfortable visual reference systems. In order to build comfortable visual reference system of urban underwater road tunnel, the tunnel lighting and visual induction technology are combined to alleviate the drastic transition of the reference system of threshold/exit zone and strengthen the weak visual reference in interior area. Finally, the evaluation index system of urban underwater road tunnel driving safety optimization method based on space right of way, human factors and driving tasks, difference and rhythm is established, providing new idea for the optimization of urban underwater road tunnel driving safety.