轨道交通站点地区空间网络 形态研究 ——基于广州 3 个地铁站域的比较分析

针对我国城市以公共交通为导向的开发(transit-oriented development，TOD)实施过程中出现的交通站点与 空间形态发展耦合不足、步行环境欠佳、功能适配性存疑等问题，以广州珠江新城、公园前和长寿路 3 个地铁站 点为例，借助空间句法比较分析站域空间网络的组构特性及其与站点布置、步行人流分布、建设强度及功能布局 等的关联，考察 TOD 模式下站域空间形态发展的特征及规律，并对存在的问题进行厘定。结果显示：珠江新城 站域街区网格化程度不足，站点与空间组构耦合互动不足；公园前站域街道网络可达性强，集聚人群活动效应明 显，但当前功能布局与空间组构存在不匹配现象；长寿路站域背景网络结构连续均匀，对步行交通出行有利，但 商业功能布局对小尺度组构所牵引的人流利用不足。因此，我国未来轨道交通站域建设应关注空间组构对人车流 的基础决定力量，提高交通站点、功能布局与空间网络形态之间的协同。

Morphological Characteristics of Rail Transit Sites:Taking Three Subway Station Areas in Guangzhou as Examples

In response to the problems of insufficient coupling between traffic stations and spatial forms, poor walking environment, and functional inadaptability during the implementation of TOD in the cities of China, this study, by employing the theories and methods suggested by space syntax, takes three subway stations of Guangzhou, including Zhujiang New Town, Gongyuanqian and Changshou Road as examples. Through comparing and analyzing their configurational properties as well as their relationship with station layout, pedestrian movement pattern, construction intensity, and functional distribution, this study aims to examine the morphological development characteristics in light of TOD principles, subsequently identifying problems arising from the process of implementation. As a result, this study has revealed that the gridding level of Zhujiang New Town Station area is insufficient, and the coupling and interaction between the station and spatial configuration is relatively poor. By contrast, the configuration of Gongyuanqian Station area is highly accessible, and its effect on accumulating activities is considerably strong, but there is a certain degree of incompatibility between the functional distribution and the spatial organization. Changshou Road Station is located in the old urban district, and its background network tends to be continuous and uniform, which is beneficial for pedestrian movements at the community level. Based on the above analysis, this study suggests that future development of rail transit station areas in China should pay more attention to the generative effect of spatial configuration on movement patterns, and improve the synergy among station planning, functional distribution and urban configuration.