通勤出行公交候车时间的服务等级划分和度量

候车时间是决定通勤出行中公交系统吸引力的关键因素之一，合理的划分通勤出行公交候车时间服务等级有助于提高公交服务质量.通过乘客访谈，掌握乘客候车过程中的心理变化历程，按照乘客心理变化特征将其分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ等四个服务等级，构建隶属度函数，并基于隶属度最大原则划分每一等级的候车时间区间；通过SP 调查，应用非集计理论建立不同候车服务等级下候车时间价值模型，基于乘客的支付意愿，利用候车时间价值度量乘客感知候车时间，研究在不同服务等级下乘客感知候车时间的差异及随收入和候车服务等级的变化规律.结果表明，Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ级服务水平乘客感知候车时间比Ⅰ级服务水平分别增加50%、近300%和540%；且在Ⅰ级和Ⅳ级服务水平下不同收入群体感知候车时间差异不明显；但Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级正好相反.从而为制定面向乘客的候车时间服务质量标准和优化运营调度方案、提高公交系统的吸引力提供科学依据.

Level of Service Classification and Quantification for Bus Waiting Time on Commuting Trip

It is one of vitally important factors that waiting time can directly impact on the attraction of bus systems for commuting trip. Rational division of the waiting time service level is helpful to improve performance service quality of bus systems. By passenger interview, psychological change process waiting for the bus is obtained. Based on the passenger psychological characteristics, the passenger waiting time is divided into four levels of service, such as Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ and Ⅳ. The interval between each level of service is determined by developing membership grade and according to the maximum principal of membership grade. Based on the stated preference survey, waiting time value models for each level of service are put up applying the disaggregate theory and passenger perceived waiting time is quantified with waiting time value according to passenger paying intention in order to discover the differences of the passenger perceived waiting time on the each level of service and variational regularities with income and the level of service. Results indicate that not only the perceived waiting time on the level of service Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ is respectively 50%, near 300% and 540% up compared with level of serviceⅠ, but also on the level of service Ⅰ and Ⅳ the perceived waiting time by the various income communities is little differentiated, but on the contrary on the level of service Ⅱand Ⅲ. It may provide important scientific support with making performance service quality standards for passenger, optimizing operation dispatching scheme and promoting the attraction of bus systems.