Nigerian railways: problems and prospects

The very special topography of Greece with the hundreds of mainland and island ports generates vast possibilities for developing routing networks to link the ports to each other while satisfying total demand. An algorithm which minimizes total operating costs (fixed and variable) has been adapted and used to determine an optimal network solution. The total operating costs of this solution is compared to the total operating costs of the existing (1964 data) network and the optimal networks when fixed and variable costs are minimized independently. It is found that the actual network follows the minimal total operating costs solution quite closely.