Optimal Linear Active Suspensions with Derivative Constraints and Output Feedback Control

In optimally controlled active suspensions with either full or incomplete state feedback there is tradeoff between system performance and overall stiffness. It is sought to remove this limitation by incorporating integral action which results in a system with infinite stiffness towards static loading, but which is soft with respect to road inputs. The system is also able to eliminate the steady state deflections due to step and (potentially) ramp type inputs at the wheel. Optimality is retained at the cost only of a derivative constraint and the system can be physically realised using output feedback control.