高速铁路列车运行噪声特性研究

在对我国高速铁路噪声实测的基础上，分析了我国高速铁路噪声的特性。动车组高速运行时，在桥梁区段峰值均出现在低频段（f=31．5～63Hz）；路基区段的噪声频谱呈宽频特性，在低频段（f=31．5—63Hz）和中高频段（f=500—8000Hz）声能量均较为集中。高速铁路列车辐射噪声随速度的关系式与国外辐射噪声随速度的关系基本一致，当高速动车组运行速度大于300km／h后，轮轨噪声、空气动力噪声和集电系统噪声成为主要声源。高速列车辐射噪声几何衰减基本遵守距离加倍，声级衰减3—4dB（A）的规律。

Study of the Noise Characteristic of Running Trains of High-speed Railroad

On the foundation to characteristic of running trains of high-speed railroad through field measuring, analyzed the noise characteristic of high-speed railway. When CRH runs in high speed, the peak value appears in the low frequency band（f = 31.5 -63 Hz） in the bridge sector; the noise spectrum presents the broadband characteristic in roadbed sector, the sound energy is more centralized in the low frequency band（f= 31.5 - 63 Hz）. and the intermediate frequency section（f= 500- 8 000 Hz）. The relationship of trains radiated noise with the speeds of trains is basic consistent with overseas, when the speeds is bigger than 300 kin/h, the wheel track noise, the aerodynamic noise and the collection electricity system noise becomes the main acoustic source. The distance is doubled, the train radiated noise level weakens 3 - 4 dB（A）.