城市隧道出入口视觉适应性研究

车辆由城市道路进入城市隧道时，驾驶员的视觉环境变化较为剧烈，行车环境的突变是城市隧道成为事故多发路段的重要原因之一。采用行车实验与理论分析相结合的方法，研究了城市隧道出入口驾驶员的生理特性，分析了隧道出入口亮度变化、视觉适应性对隧道入口障碍物视认距离的影响。研究结果表明：城市隧道进口一般路段瞳孔直径稳定在1.8mm左右，暗适应区间瞳孔直径从约1.9mm变化到约4.7mm，到完全适应时稳定在4.5mm左右，直至出口位置。

Visual Adaptability at Urban Tunnel Entrance and Exit

When a vehicle enters a tunnel from general section, the driver′s visual environment produces dramatical changes. The mutation of driving environment is one of the important reasons that urban tunnel becomes accident frequently-occurring section. The article combines driving experimental analysis with theoretical analysis, studies drivers′psychological and physiological characteristics both inside and out-side the city tunnel entrances, and analyzes changes of brightness, visual adaptability impact on obstacle distance of visual cognition at the tunnel entrance. The study indicates that on general sections of tunnel entrance pupil diameter stabilizes at about 1.8mm;in dark adaptation interval pupil diameter varies from about 1.9mm to about 4.7mm; when pupil fully adapts to the dark, pupil diameter stabilizes at about 4.5mm, until to the export position.