轿车与6岁儿童行人不同方位碰撞中下肢损伤分析

Euro NCAP发布的行人模型认证技术公告TB024的最新版本对6岁儿童行人模型认证提出了单独要求,旨在加强对儿童行人的保护。本研究应用符合Euro NCAP技术公告(TB024)规定并且具有详细解剖学结构的6岁儿童行人有限元模型,设置了4组不同方位行人-汽车碰撞仿真试验,以探究不同碰撞方位下的儿童下肢损伤机理。结果表明,在4种不同角度的碰撞条件下,仅270°背面碰撞时儿童股骨未发生骨折;0°碰撞时儿童下肢膝关节韧带损伤最为严重;180°左侧碰撞下,对撞侧膝关节半月板最容易发生损伤,而撞击侧股骨远端生长板存在较大的受伤风险;270°背面碰撞中儿童的胫骨和腓骨最容易发生损伤。本研究为儿童行人保护和儿童下肢损伤的治疗提供了理论依据,为汽车安全防护装置的研发提供数据支持。

Analysis of Lower Extremity Injury of Six?year?old Child Pedestrian in Different Orientation Collisions with Car

The new version of technical bulletin TB024 promulgated by Euro NCAP made a separate request on the authentication of 6-year-old child pedestrian model,aiming to reinforce the protection of child pedestrian.In this study,based on the finite element model of 6-year-old pedestrian with detailed anatomical structure as specified in Euro NCAP TB024,4 different collision orientations are set to conduct pedestrian-vehicle crash simulation test for exploring the injury mechanism of child’s lower extremity in different collision orientations.The results show that among 4 collision orientations,only 270°collision(back impact) does not cause femur fracture;the most severe knee ligament injury happens in 0° collision(right-side impact);In 180° collision(left-side impact),the meniscus in right-side knee is most prone to injury and the left distal femoral growth plate has a higher risk of injury;Tibia and fibula are most prone to injury in 270° collision.This study provides a theoretical basis for child pedestrian protection and the cure of child extremity injury and the data supports for the development of vehicle safety protection devices.