LCA与汽车开发协同路径研究——以客车轻量化为例

为探究汽车生态协同设计，将生命周期评价 （Life Cycle Assessment，LCA） 与汽车产品开发相结合，提出串行开发和并行开发两种协同路径。以12 m纯电动客车底架的轻量化开发为例，研究了串行开发方案下客车底架轻量化对我国资源、能源和环境的影响。结果表明，与原客车底架相比，结构优化后客车底架质量减轻52.5 kg，且经校验轻量化后客车底架的刚度、强度及固有动态特性均满足要求；对于全生命周期而言，轻量化后其矿产资源消耗减少 0.4×10-4 kgSb eq.，化石能源消耗减少 0.7×104 MJ，综合环境影响值减少 0.42×10-11，降低比例分别为 3.81%、4.46% 和 4.56%。未 来将在本研究的基础上进行并行开发方案的协同探索，并对研究结果进行比较分析。

Research on Collaborative Path of LCA and Automobile Development: Taking Bus Lightweight Design as an Example

For automotive ecosystem collaborative design, in this paper life cycle assessment (LCA) is combined with the automobile product development, and the two collaborative paths, i. e. the serial and the parallel developments are proposed. The paper studies the lightweight development of the 12 m pure electric bus underframe and the impact of which on China''s resources, energy and environment is analyzed under the serial development scheme. The results show that compared with the original bus underframe, the weight of the optimized one is reduced by 52.5 kg, and the stiffness, strength and inherent dynamic characteristics meet the requirements after the lightweight design. In the whole life cycle, the consumption of mineral resources,fossil energy and the comprehensive environmental impact value decreased by 0.4×10-4 kg Sb eq, 0.7×104 MJ and 0.42×10-11, respectively, corresponding to the reduction ratio of 3.81%, 4.46% and 4.56%. The future