电动汽车与电网互动的关键问题研究综述

电动汽车大规模无序接入将给电网带来峰谷差增大、电能质量下降、电网运行优化控制难度增加等不利影响。应用电动汽车与电网互动技术（Vehicle-to-Grid, V2G）控制电动汽车的充放电过程，可有效缓解上述问题，并起到削峰填谷、平抑可再生能源的作用。近十年来，该项技术已成为电动汽车与电力系统领域的研究热点。阐述了电动汽车与电网互动的基本概念及发展现状，重点从电动汽车集群充电需求和放电能力的时空分布、基于V2G的协同调度、市场机制及经济运营三方面进行梳理，分析了V2G在“双碳”背景下的机遇和挑战，对电动汽车调度及应用问题研究中常用的求解方法进行了总结，同时展望了V2G技术的未来研究方向。

A Review of Key Issues in Electric Vehicle and Power Grid Interaction

The disorderly charging of large-scale electric vehicles will bring negative effects to the power grid, such as the increased peak-to-valley difference, poor power quality and difficulties in grid operation optimization. The application of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology to control the charging and discharging processes of electric vehicles can effectively alleviate the problems above by peak shaving and valley filling management and smoothing out renewable energy. In the past decade, this technology has become a hot research topic in the field of electric vehicles and power systems. Firstly, the paper introduces the basic concept and development status of EV-grid interaction. Then the paper discusses the following three aspects:the spatial and temporal distributions of both the EV charging demand and discharging capacity, the V2Gbased cooperative scheduling, and the market mechanisms and economic operations. In addition this paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges of V2G under the "dual-carbon" target and summarizes the methods commonly used in electric vehicle scheduling. Finally the prospect of V2G technology is described.