汽车座椅靠背对驾乘者腰部支撑强度的压力特征及演变

在座椅其他设计均不变的情况下，被试者通过调节腰托前后位置实现腰部支撑强度变化，模拟背部特别是腰部不同支撑设计的座椅，进行了座椅靠背主客观评价相结合的舒适性研究，并讨论了随着驾驶时间的推移，驾乘者不舒适部位和坐姿变化规律。研究显示，得到被试者腰部支撑强度适中、不足和过大3种形式的压力分布特征之一。腰部支撑强度适中时，腰部区域内压力变化平缓成“面”支撑；腰部支撑不足时，一般特征是腰部区域内压力小于肩部，随着驾乘时间增加，骨盆会前移使腰椎脱离脊柱“S”形的健康弯曲状态；腰部支撑过大时，有“点”支撑的变化趋势，随着驾乘时间增加，胸廓后仰头部调整驾驶所需的眼睛位置，颈部和肩部肌肉处于活跃做功状态易产生疲劳。

Pressure Distribution Characteristics and Variation Based on Driver's Lumbar Support Strengths Provided by Automobile SeatBacks

A study on car seatback comfort involving both subjective and objective evaluations was conducted.While other seat designs remained unchanged, a participant in the experiment adjusted the front and rear positions of the lumbar support to change the strength provided. And the back support, especially the lumbar support designs were simulated. The change of discomfort on body parts and the change in sitting posture with respect to time are discussed as well. Finally the pressure distribution characteristics for the lumbar support with insufficient, moderate and excessive supporting strengths were obtained respectively. When the supporting strength was moderate, the pressure in the lumbar spine region changed smoothly to construct a supporting surface. When the lumbar support was insufficient, with the increase of driving time, the pelvis would move forward, and the healthy S-shaped curve of the spine would no longer hold. For the excessive supporting strength, a trend was found that the participant was in contact with the seat back at a support point. With the increase of driving time, the chest would move forward and the eye position had to be adjusted by head movement for driving requirements, leading to the active state of the neck and shoulder muscles and fatigue of participants.