长大交通隧道防灾设计探讨

研究目的:随着我国交通事业的发展,长大交通隧道不断修建,隧道防灾成为日益重要的研究课题。研究方法:本文主要从隧道火灾的主要因素与危害及隧道防灾技术2个方面对国内外长大交通隧道防灾研究与设计进行评述,并从隧道衬砌结构的防火保护技术、安全疏散技术、固定消防技术、通风排烟技术、火灾监测及灾害时的车流疏导技术、区域交通管理系统等方面系统总结在隧道防灾方面的研究成果与应用情况。研究结论:我国在长大隧道防灾方面研究缺乏系统性,与国外有明显的差距,体现长大隧道防灾设计中存在不少问题,如隧道衬砌结构防灾设计研究不充分、交通疏散设计随意性大,在运营过程中管理救灾体系落后,管理水平不高等。因此,期望本文能对我国长大交通隧道防灾设计健康发展有一定意义。

Exploration on Disaster Prevention Design of Long Traffic Tunnels

Research purposes: For the sake of the development of the traffic infrastructures in China,more and more long traffic tunnels are built.Therefore,prevention of disasters inside tunnels becomes one of the most important research topics.Research methods: In this paper,the researches and designs on disaster preventions of long traffic tunnels made in China and foreign countries are presented in respect of causes for and damages of fire disasters and disaster prevention technologies.The results of researches on tunnel disaster preventions and their applications are summarized in the paper in respect of fire-resistance technology of tunnel linings,safe evacuation technology,fixed fire extinguishing technology,ventilation and exhaust-air releasing technology,fire detecting technology,vehicle guiding technology in case of fire and regional traffic management technology.Research conclusions:Lacking of consistency,the researches made in China on disaster preventions of long tunnels are lagging far behind those made in foreign countries.The disaster prevention designs of long tunnels in China have many problems,such as insufficiency in researches and designs of disaster resistance of tunnel linings,great random in design of vehicle evacuations,poor rescuing systems during operation stages and poor tunnel management levels.It is hoped that the paper can make some contributions to the sustainable development of the disaster-prevention designs of long traffic tunnels in China.