水运交通灾害的致灾机理及应对策略

水运交通给人类带来了文明与进步,但同时也带来了交通事故、环境污染等公害,某些事故甚至已经到了灾害的程度。仅从交通安全的角度进行防范已经不够,需要从交通灾害的角度进行综合的防范。文章在提出水运交通灾害的概念基础上,构建了基于人、船、环境和管理四要素的水运交通灾害的致灾机理,改变了以前的跟随控制模式,并利用预警管理的思想,构筑了水运交通灾害的预警管理模式对策。

Causing Mechanism and Countermeasure against Waterway Transportation Calamity

Waterway transportation has brought not only civilization and progress to the human beings,but also some such hazards as traffic accidents and environmental pollution,among which some even have come to an extend of calamities.It has not been sufficient to prevent some accidents from the viewpoint of transportation safety;instead,transportation calamity prevention shall be introduced.On the base of proposing the concept of waterway transportation calamity,the authors of this paper constructed the calamity causing mechanism of waterway transportation based on four elements:human beings,ships,environment and management.It changes the previous following-control pattern,and establishes a precautionary management mode for waterway transport defect relying on precaution management concept.