宋代23轮车轮战船复原研究

早在公元417年，中国就率先发明，建造并使用了明轮推进的船舶——轮船，比欧洲1543年在巴塞罗那第一次建造并进行实验的实船早1000多年。将单片桨划桨的间歇运动变为轮桨的连续运动，是机械技术上的一项重大发明，它大大地提高了船舶航速，直到19世纪50年代螺旋桨的发明和使用，才逐渐代替了明轮推进器。以明轮推进的船舶出现和使用长达1400多年。长期以来，人们只能依据少量历史文献，对中国古代轮船外貌作粗浅了解，究竟它的详细结构如何，一直未能进行深入、细致的研究。我们查阅了国内外有关轮船资料，分析古代陆用车结构与水车(翻车)结构之间内在联系与区别，依据中国传统的木构技术特点，古人极可能采用的形式，以结构合理，制造简单易行，安装更换方便为复原指导思想，注意了船舶的特殊条件限制和人机功能学及实战特殊要求，对宋代23轮车轮古战船轮桨，舱内等结构进行了复原研究。同时对船舶外观造型，幡帜、彩绘、兵器等进行了复原探讨。

Rehabilitative Research into a 23 Wheel Ship of the Song Dynasty

The ship propelled by wheels was invented, built and employed firstly in China in A.D.417, which was 1100 years earlier than the first full-scale ship built and tested by European in Barcelona in 1543.The screw ship built and tested and employed in 1850s, since then the wheel propeller was replaced gradually by the screw propeller. The wheel propulsion changes the intermittent movement of the paddling to the continuous movement, which is a great invention of the mechanical technology. For a long time past people understood the appearance of the Chinese ancient wheel ship by a few historical documents and could not study its detailed structure deeply and carefully. According to the technical characteristic of the traditional wooden structure and the most possible form adopted by the ancients, underlying the guiding ideology of reasonable and reliable structure, uncomplicated and easy manufacture, convent installation and replacement, noticing the man-machine function and the particular requirement from the actual combat, the twenty-three-wheel ship of the Song Dynasty was investigated rehabilitative in much more detail by the present paper, including the apparent modeling, the colored drawing ,the Hags, the weapons and so on. The visible three-dimensional cartoon was manufactured as well. The research result has been adopted by a museum and the model of ancient ship has been made.