中国公路隧道近10年的发展趋势与思考

中国公路隧道在规模、数量、建设速度等持续快速发展的形势下,近10年来又取得了众多隧道建设技术的突破,已由隧道大国步入向隧道强国转变的轨道。首先宏观研究分析近10年来中国公路隧道建设状况,对比论述了山岭、水下、城市地下道路等类型隧道的发展特点、趋势及相关建议;从隧道建设需求导向、地质超前预报、节能环保、应急救援等方面提出了公路隧道建设理念的变化,对比总结了钻爆法、盾构法、沉管法及TBM法等4类修建公路隧道常用施工方法的应用情况及未来发展趋势,并在此基础上,对中国公路隧道未来建设中将遇到的一些问题进行了研究与思考。结果表明:应改变以支护参数设计为重点的隧道设计理念,建立以介质场为主体的隧道结构设计方法,在隧道场解重构理论与技术体系方面进一步创新;对于采用双洞布局模式的长大公路隧道,为减少长深斜竖井设置,提升建设速度,应优先采用“钻爆法+小TBM导洞扩挖法”相结合的混合方法来修建;针对越来越多的公路隧道进入后运营期,提出了隧道智能监测评估与快速修复的技术途径,以将隧道修复作业所带来的影响降到最低;中国公路隧道建设应融合大数据、智能装备、5G等先进技术,并尽快完成配套标准的制定。

Development Trends and Views of Highway Tunnels in China over the Past Decade

With the continuous and rapid development of highway tunnels in terms of scale, quantity, and construction speed, China has made considerable technological breakthroughs in tunnel construction over the past decade, and has shifted from a large nation of tunnels to power tunnels. This paper presents a macroscopic study and analysis of the construction of highway tunnels in China over the past decade, and comparatively describes the major development characteristics, trends, and relevant recommendations regarding highway tunnels in mountainous regions, underwater areas, and cities. Changes in the concept of highway tunnel construction are presented in terms of tunnel construction requirement orientation, geological advance forecast, energy conservation, environmental protection, and emergency rescue. Further, a comparative summary is presented on the application and future development trends of common highway tunnel construction methods, including the drilling and blasting, shield, immersed tube, and TBM methods. On this basis, the paper presents studies and views to address some problems that will be encountered in future during the construction of highway tunnels in China. Specifically, the tunnel design concept focusing on the support parameter design should be changed, the tunnel structure design method with the medium field as the main body should be established, and the tunnel field deconstruction and reconstruction theory and technology system should be further developed. To reduce the number of long and deep inclined shafts and improve the construction speed, a combination of the drilling and blasting method + expansion-tunneling method with a small TBM heading should be employed for long highway tunnels with the twin-tube layout mode. Additionally, as more highway tunnels enter the post-operation period, a technical approach for intelligent monitoring and rapid repair of tunnels is proposed to minimize the impacts of tunnel repair. Highway tunnel construction in China should integrate advanced technologies such as big data, intelligent equipment, and 5 G technology; additionally, relevant supporting standards should be developed as soon as possible.