公共卫生事件暴发初期的医疗物资调度优化

在公共卫生事件暴发初期，为了合理高效地分配医疗物资，兼顾医疗物资运输成本和运输延误，以新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎为例，研究了公共卫生事件暴发初期受影响较大地区的医疗物资调度问题。基于疫情期间医疗物资供给不足的实际情况，结合各个医疗点对医疗物资的不同需求，采用最优化理论与方法建立考虑物资延迟损失和物流成本的双目标医疗物资优化调度分配模型。同时，采用外逼近法对模型进行求解，通过算例分析验证模型的有效性和算法的高效性。结果表明：由所构建的兼顾延迟损失与物流成本的双目标模型及采用的算法，能够得到不同条件下的医疗物资分配方案，所构建的双目标优化模型可以更好地兼顾医疗物资分配过程中的延迟损失和物流成本，并根据疫情走势及医疗物资供给实际情况提供更为合理的调度方案。

Optimal Coordination Model of Medical Commodities in the Initial Stage of the Outbreak of Public Health Events

In this study, a schedule issue related to the reasonable distribution of medical supplies for impacted cities in the initial stage of an outbreak of public health events was investigated by considering the transport cost and delay loss. Given that medical supplies are limited during the initial stage, a bi-objective optimization model was developed to minimize the total transport cost and delay losses and provide reasonable distribution of medical supplies. The case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been used as an example in this paper. The model enables the addressal of insufficient and unevenly distributed medical supplies across different hospitals. An outer approximation algorithm was applied to solve the proposed model. Case studies were used to test the effectiveness of the developed model and the computational efficiency of the solution algorithm. The results indicate that the developed bi-objective optimization model and the algorithm are able to provide satisfactory medical supply distribution schemes under different conditions. The model could balance the two system objectives-total transport cost and delay loss of medical supplies-well for the allocation of insufficient medical supplies and, thus, generate more reasonable schemes for managing pandemic dynamics and day-to-day medical material demand.