环境约束下中国交通运输业产能利用测算

测度交通运输业产能利用可帮助交通行业应对产能优化和节能减排的双重挑战,实现高质量发展。研究旨在环境约束视角下,构建一个普适性的产能利用(CU)评价框架,并用于交通运输业产能利用测度研究。将交通运输业能源消耗量和CO2排放量纳入产能利用评价框架,采用改进的基于数据包络分析的差分法,测度2011～2017年中国交通运输业产能利用。研究结果表明:①2011～2017年间中国交通运输业平均CU值为0.026 0,并以2014年为临界点,呈现先降后增的趋势,这表明中国交通运输业确实存在产能利用不足的问题,且2015～2017年非常严重;②交通运输业产能利用水平区域差异化显著,研究期内与中国其他地区的CU水平相比,西南地区产能利用不足问题最严重;③与原始差分法的测度结果进行对比,所提出的改进方法更具合理性和先进性;④推动交通技术创新发展和合理规划交通资源是产能利用水平提升的关键途径。该研究为制定交通运输业产能利用提升的政策提供科学依据,对建立完善的交通运输业产能利用监测体系具有实际指导意义,有利于实现中国交通运输业产能利用水平整体的提升。

Measuring the Capacity Utilization of China's Transportation Industry Under Environmental Constraints

Measuring the capacity utilization of the transportation industry can help it solve the challenges of capacity optimization, energy saving, and emission reduction, thereby achieving high-quality development. This study aims to construct a universal capacity utilization evaluation framework under environmental constraints and to measure the capacity utilization of the transportation industry accordingly. This study incorporated energy consumption and CO₂ emissions from the transportation industry into the evaluation framework. In particular, improved data envelopment analysis-based (DEA-based) difference methods were used to measure the capacity utilization of China's transportation industry in 2011-2017. The results thus obtained indicate the following: ① The average CU value of China's transportation industry from 2011 to 2017 was 0.026 0. Specifically, it showed a decreasing trend first after which it increased; here, 2014 was the critical point. This shows that China's transportation industry has been underutilizing its capacity, especially in the past three years. ② Regional differences in the CU levels in the transportation industry are significant. During the study period, compared with the CU levels in other regions of China, the issue of the underutilization of capacity in southwestern China was highly concerning. ③ A comparison with the measurement results obtained using the generalized CU indicator method illustrates the rationality and superiority of the proposed method. ④ Promoting innovation and development in transportation technology and rationally planning transportation resources are the key ways to improve the status of capacity utilization. This paper provides a basis for the formulation of a scientific and effective promotion policy for capacity utilization in the transportation industry and has practical guiding significance for the establishment of a sound monitoring system for capacity utilization in the transportation industry. This is conducive to the overall improvement of the production capacity utilization level of China's transportation industry.