环境约束下的中国航空企业环境效率研究

航空运输企业发展带来的环境问题成为人们关注的焦点.本文从环境约束治理视角,运用SBM-DEA非期望产出模型研究中国航空企业2012—2014年环境效率,并借助Tobit模型分析了影响环境效率的主要因素.结果表明,2012—2014年期间,整体上中国航空企业环境效率呈现出递减的趋势,并且航空企业之间的环境效率差距在逐年拉大.另外,Tobit回归分析结果得出当期环境规制与航空企业环境效率显著负相关,而研发投入、航班客座率、货邮运载率、净利润率、滞后1期环境规制与航空企业环境效率显著正相关.最后,我们从挖掘航空企业自身节能减排潜力、研发投入角度给出了中国航空企业环境效率改进的政策建议.

Environmental Efficiency of China’s Airlines under Environmental Constrains

The rapid development of air transportation brings serious environmental concerns. Under environmental constrains, using SBM-DEA model with undesirable outputs researches on the environmental efficiency of China's airlines from 2012 to 2014 and influencing factors of environmental efficiency are then explored using a Tobit mode. The results show that, during 2012 to 2014, the environmental efficiency of China's airlines show a decreasing trend. And the gap of environmental efficiency among airlines is enlarging year by year. In addition, the regression results show that environmental regulation had a passive effect on environmental efficiency of airlines in China. R&D investment/load factor/goods delivery rate and net profit rate / environmental regulation (-1) have a positive effect on environmental efficiency of airlines in China. Finally, combined with the research results of this paper, the author puts forward the suggestions from the points of mining the potential of energy saving and emission reduction in airlines and R&D investment.