基于绩效评价的出租汽车经营模式比较

鉴于"公车公营"和"个体挂靠"两种经营模式存在较大争议,采用数据包络分析法(DEA)进行出租汽车企业经营绩效评价,以车辆数、能耗和从业人员数为投入指标,以运营里程和客运量为产出指标,根据投入导向的BCC模型计算陕西省140家出租汽车企业的规模效率和纯技术效率;以企业绩效值为因变量,经营模式为自变量进行Tobit回归,发现经营模式对规模效率和纯技术效率均有显著影响;Kruskal-Wallis检验结果显示,两种经营模式的规模效率差异显著,纯技术效率差异不显著,在既定产出指标下"个体挂靠"企业的规模效率比"公车公营"高4.46%.结果表明,有必要根据不同的政府管制目标分类选择出租汽车经营模式.

Comparison of Operational Models in Taxi Industry Based on Performance Assessment

It is controversial that taxi companies with employment relationship are more efficiency than those with contracting relationship in China. Based on three inputs(vehicle, fuel and staff) and two outputs (mileage, passenger volume) of 140 taxi companies in Shaanxi Province, China, authors compared scale efficiencies and pure technical efficiencies of the two operational models with an input-oriented BCC model of Data Envelopment Analysis. A Tobit regression is implemented to explore that operational model is effect on both scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency of taxi companies significantly. The Kruskal-Wallis test shows that scale efficiency of contracting relationship is 4.46% higher than that of employment relationship. It indicates that contracting relationship is better to pursue scale efficiency than employment relationship for taxi industry in Shaanxi Province, China. There has no better but suitable operational model of taxi industry in each local jurisdiction.