高速公路小客车驾驶员安全注视特性分析

为了对高速公路设计与运营安全性评价提供理论依据,基于人-车-路协同过程中的驾驶员视觉注视特征,选取双向四车道高速公路453个线形组合路段,对13名小客车驾驶员在路面范围内的动态视觉注视点位置进行研究,分析不同运行速度下驾驶员在不同线形组合路段路面范围内的注视点分布规律,得出驾驶员受不同运行速度和线形条件影响时在路面上的注视点集中区域特点,提出基于驾驶员行为特征的驾驶期望视距概念,并建立了不同运行速度下驾驶期望视距的计算模型.研究结果表明:驾驶期望视距与车辆运行速度和平曲线半径相关；当道路平曲线半径小于等于800 m时,驾驶员的视野会随运行速度的提高受到限制,需采取适当限速措施以保证行车安全.

Safety Analysis of Car Drivers' Fixation Characteristics on Freeways

In order to provide a theoretical basis for the design and operational safety evaluation of freeways,453 combined alignment sections of a four-lane two-way freeway were selected to study the dynamic visual fixation points on pavements of 13 drivers according to drivers’ fixation characteristics in processes of "driver-vehicle-road" cooperation.The distribution of drivers’ fixation points on pavements and the characteristics of the fixation concentration region were analyzed under different running speeds and various combined alignment sections.In addition,a concept of driver expectation sight distance was proposed,and a computational model of the driver expectation sight distance was built for different running speeds.The results show that the driver expectation sight distance is related to the running speed and horizontal radius.When the horizontal radius is less than or equal to 800 m,drivers’ visual field will be restricted as the running speed increases,and some speed limit measures should be taken to ensure the driving safety.