Travel and the social environment: Evidence from Alameda County,California |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands;3. Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands;4. Department of Geography and Geographic Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA;5. TNO, Department of Urban Environment and Safety, Utrecht, The Netherlands;6. Research group Healthy Lifestyle in a Supporting Environment, The Hague University of Applied Science, The Hague, The Netherlands;1. Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium;2. Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium;3. Fund for Scientific Research Flanders, Belgium, Belgium;4. Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Australia;1. School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson University, 105 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1Y3;2. Department of Geography & Programs in Environment, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road N, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6;1. Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Geelong, Australia;2. Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Australia;3. Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia;1. School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3;2. Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road N, South Building, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6;3. Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4;4. School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, DH Copp Building 4606, 2146 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3 |
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| Abstract: | The relationship between travel and the environment has been the subject of much study but the focus has mainly been on the physical and built environment. This ignores a large body of research in sociology showing that social processes are spatially embedded and affect individual behavior. This analysis asks whether the neighborhood social environment – in addition to the built environment – influences children’s decision to walk to school in Alameda County, California. The results show that social factors, particularly neighborhood cohesion, do influence the decision to walk particularly when children face trips of less than 1.6 km. These findings provide initial evidence for transportation analysts to broaden their definition of the environment to include social factors. |
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