车辆颜色等多因素对驾驶行为的交互作用研究

车辆颜色是影响驾驶行为与交通安全的重要因素,为研究动态运行环境下车辆颜色、车型对于驾驶行为的影响,首先,建立不同颜色、车型车辆模型及其白天与黄昏两种道路环境,构建6类典型驾驶场景;其次,选取25名测试人员,采用组内实验的方法进行试验,实验中利用驾驶模拟系统、眼动仪与多导生理仪采集车辆运行、驾驶员眼动与心率数据。实验结果表明,驾驶员对车辆的识认有明显差异,白天识认距离明显高于黄昏,大客车则明显高于小轿车,黑色车辆在黄昏时识认性明显低于其他车辆,尤其是在观察前方车辆时更为明显。上述结果表明,车辆颜色对于驾驶员识认距离存在明显影响,尤其是小型车辆在黄昏时响更为显著,以上结果应在车辆颜色选择及驾驶员培训时予以关注。

Interaction of vehicle color and other factors on driving behavior

To study the discrepancy of the influence of vehicle color and size on traffic safety during the dynamic operation of highway environment,firstly,vehicle models of different colors and two kinds of road environment models are built.In the simulator,six types of typical road driving simulation scenarios and other related vehicles trigger relationship are constructed.Secondly,25 participants are tested in a within-subject design.Their behavior,eye movement and heart rate date are collected by using eye tracker and multi-guide physiology instrument.The experimental result shows that there is no obvious difference for drivers in stress response when following different color vehicles or the vehicles change lane.However,there is obvious difference in different recognition characteristics.After analyzing the recognition data,it is found that the recognition distance is obviously long in some situation such as in daytime,recognizing bus and recognizing the front vehicle.Moreover,the recognition characteristics of black vehicles is significantly lower than that of other colors in dusk,and this decline of recognition characteristics is more obvious when observing the front vehicles.The above result shows that in the highway environment,the color of the vehicle has impacts on drivers and traffic safety.The difference mainly manifests in the recognizing distance for the sedan in the dusk situation.Special attention should be paid when driving and corresponding method should be taken to enhance it.