In-use activity measurements for off-road motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China;2. Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China;1. Istituto Motori – CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Marconi 4, 80125 Naples, Italy;2. Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy;1. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Italy;2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy;3. Swiss-Ski, Switzerland;4. Section for Elite Sport, Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen, Switzerland;5. Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Norway;6. Center of Alpine Sports Biomechanics, Engadin Health and Innovation Foundation, Switzerland;1. State Engineering Laboratory of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Hunan, Changsha, 410114, China;2. Yichang Urban Construction Investment Holding Group Co., Ltd., Hubei, Yichang, 443000, China |
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| Abstract: | Off-road recreation vehicles are an important source of emissions and make a disproportionately high contribution to the emissions inventory. Here 58 off-road motorcycles and 39 all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) were instrumented to collect activity data. The activity data for motorcycles and ATVs varied significantly depending on the type of terrain, the type of off highway vehicle, and personal riding habits. The most rapid transitions in speed were typically observed for motorcycles operated on motocross tracks or in trail riding. Over similar terrain, motorcycles had slightly higher top speeds than the ATVs. The highest observed speeds were for motorcycles in open terrain riding conditions. Interestingly, average speeds were comparable between different types of terrain. |
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