Experimental and theoretical studies on the lateral collapse of mechanically lined pipes |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China;2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300072, China;1. National Centre for Maritime Engineering and Hydrodynamics, Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia;2. NavTec Pty Ltd, Perth, Western Australia, Australia;1. School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China;2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China;3. Architectural Design and Research Institute, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China;4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;1. Department of Ocean Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA;2. Department of Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea;1. State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China;2. School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China |
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| Abstract: | The mechanically lined pipe, which consists of a thin non-corrosive liner and a carbon steel pipe, is an economical way to transport acidic fluid in offshore applications. However, it is prone to lateral loading and potentially develops plastic collapse and liner separation during the operational stage. The present study examines its crushing performance using small-scale 2-inch lined pipes manufactured by a customized hydroforming facility. The lined pipes comprised a seamless GB45 carbon steel tube and a grade T2 copper liner. Four ring specimens extracted from lined pipes and two single-layer rings were crushed on a universal testing machine in a quasi-static manner. The tube was found to develop an ovalized shape initially and then changed into a "∞" shape in the end. The carrier and liner were found to stay together throughout the crushing process, with slight liner separation taking place. The manufacture and lateral collapse processes were also reproduced with finite element models and nonlinear analytical formulation. The analytical model was established based on the principle of virtual work and nonlinear ring theory, assuming small strain and finite rotation. It showed that the analytical and numerical simulation results agreed with the experimental results. The influence of major parameters of the problem was also studied based on the full-scale lined pipe. Amongst other findings, manufacture-related plastic hardening is shown to affect the load-carrying capacity and the growth of separation during lateral collapse. |
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| Keywords: | Lined pipe Hydroforming Lateral load Analytical model Plastic collapse |
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