列车制动技术发展趋势探讨

从沿用140多年的空气制动系统出发,阐述列车制动系统的历史和现状,并对制动系统的未来发展进行探讨及展望。从系统和控制的角度对空气制动控制系统和电气指令式制动控制系统进行综述,分析其发展演变过程及存在的局限性。总结安全性和舒适性等性能需求及轨道运输发展的要求对制动系统发展进步的推动作用。提出列车制动技术的发展趋势是电气化和智能化,并重点介绍适应这一趋势的2种新技术:电机械制动技术和减速度控制技术。电机械制动技术可彻底摆脱列车制动对压力空气等作用介质的依赖性,全面提升制动系统电气化程度,实现从微机控制直通电空制动系统到微机控制电机械制动系统的转变。减速度控制模式下的列车制动控制是制动系统智能化的发展方向,其在货车制动控制等领域有着比较广泛的应用前景。

Discussion on Development Trend of Train Braking Technology

Based on the pneumatic braking system that has been used for more than 140 years,the history and present situation of train braking system are described,and the future development of braking system is discussed and prospected.The control systems of both the pneumatic command braking and electrical command braking systems are reviewed in terms of system and control.The evolution process of pneumatic braking system and its limitations are analyzed.Performance requirements such as safety and comfort,as well as needs for the development of rail transport,which play key roles in promoting the development and progress of braking system,are summarized.It is pointed out that the development trend of train braking technology is electrification and intelligence,and two new concepts to adapt to this trend are introduced,i.e.electromechanical braking(EMB)technology and deceleration feedback control technology.EMB technology can make train braking system completely get rid of the dependence on such media as pressure and air,and improve the electrification degree of the braking system comprehensively.Accordingly,the transformation from microcomputer controlled direct-acting electro pneumatic braking system to microcomputer-controlled electromechanical braking system can be realized.Train braking control in deceleration feedback control mode is the development direction of intelligent train braking system,which has a wide application prospect in the field of freight train braking control.