18000 r/min超高转速轻量化新能源汽车电机轴开发

随着新能源汽车电机转速的不断提升，电机轴面临更加苛刻的刚强度、耐久性和抗过挠要求。通过合理选材，并辅之以轻量化设计、磁环境优化、工艺匹配等方法，成功开发出满足18 000 r/min服役要求的电机轴。新电机轴在质量减少25.5%时，其自由模态频率、扭转强度、扭转疲劳寿命、台架试验过程中的噪声和温升等性能指标均不低于原低转速电机轴。通过对材料成分及工艺的优化以增强基体的强韧性有利于提升电机轴的抗扭及抗疲劳性能。通过轻量化结构设计和反向辅助磁场设计，可降低电机轴在高速旋转过程中承受的单边磁拉力、离心力、系统重力等，也有利于提升电机轴的抗挠能力，进而提升电机的耐久性和车辆的舒适性。

Development of Ultra-High-Speed 18 000 r/min Lightweight Motor Shaft for New Energy Vehicles

As the motor speed of new energy vehicles continues to advance, the motor shaft is subject to more stringent requirements for rigidity, strength, durability and flexure resistance. In this paper, through reasonable material selection, supplemented by lightweight design, magnetic environment optimization, and process matching, the motor shaft meeting the service requirements of 18 000 r/min has been successfully developed. The newly designed motor shaft with a 25.5% reduction in weight shows comparable performance to the original low-speed motor shaft in terms of free mode frequency, static torsion strength, torsional fatigue life, noise and temperature rise during bench testing. Optimizing the material composition and manufacturing processes to enhance the strength and toughness of the matrix is conducive to improving the torsional and fatigue resistance of the motor shaft. The lightweight structure design and the reverse auxiliary magnetic field design help to reduce the unilateral magnetic pull, centrifugal force and system weight applied on the motor shaft during high-speed rotation. This not only enhances the motor shaft''s resistance to bending, but also improves the durability and comfort performance levels of the electric machinery.