Identifying variations and co-variations in discrete choice models |
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Authors: | Makoto Chikaraishi Akimasa Fujiwara Junyi Zhang Kay W Axhausen |
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Institution: | 1.Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation,Hiroshima University,Higashi-Hiroshima,Japan;2.Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,Zürich,Switzerland |
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Abstract: | This study introduces an extended version of a standard multilevel cross-classified logit model which takes co-variations
into account, i.e., variations jointly caused by two or more unobserved factors. Whilst focusing on mode choice behavior,
this study deals with four different types of variation: spatial variations, inter-individual variations, intra-individual
variations and co-variations between inter-individual and spatial variations. Such co-variations represent individual-specific
spatial effects, reflecting different responses to the same space among individuals, which may for example be due to differences
in their spatial perceptions. In our empirical analysis, we use data from Mobidrive (a continuous six-week travel survey) to clarify the existence of co-variation effects by comparing two models with and without
co-variation terms. The results of this analysis indicate that co-variations certainly exist, especially for utility differences
in bicycle and public transport use in comparison with car use. We then sequentially introduce four further sets of explanatory
variables, examine the sources of behavioral variations and determine what types of influential factors are dominant in mode
choice behavior. |
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