高速列车转向架舱内流场实车测试与数值模拟

设计了一种高速列车转向架舱内流场状态测试装置。在无横风、横风速度为15m·s^-1与端板角度分别为30°、45°、70°条件下对转向架舱内流场进行了数值模拟, 并分析了裙板包覆对转向架舱内积雪形成的影响。试验结果表明: 转向架舱内气流流动规律的实测结果与模拟结果相同, 说明数值模拟可行; 动气流由列车底部以及两侧裙板灌入转向架舱内, 流经端板时产生流动分离现象, 大部分气流由端板底部及两侧裙板后部排出; 自头车往后, 流经转向架舱内的气流速度逐渐减小, 裙板处进气区域减小, 裙板后部排气区域增大; 雪粒大多由流经转向架舱底部的气流带入, 然后在转向架流场影响下不断沉积而产生积雪; 合理设置转向架舱端板角度可以减小冰雪在转向架舱内堆积的概率; 包覆裙板并不能有效减少转向架舱内积雪, 不建议采用。

Real vehicle test and numerical simulation of flow field in high-speed train bogie cabin

The device for testing the flow field state in bogie cabin of high-speed train was designed. The flow field in bogie cabin was analyzed by numerical simulation method, under the conditions of no crosswind, crosswind speed of 15 m·s-1 and end plate angles of 30°, 45°and70°. The effect of skirt plate covering on accumulated snow formation was analyzed. Test result shows that the test and simulation results of airflow motion laws are coincident, so the simulation is feasible. Airflow enters into bogie cabin from train bottom and skirt plates of two sides. The flow separation phenomenon happens when airflow flows past end plate. Most airflow comes out from end plate bottom and skirt plate backs of two sides. The speed of airflow past bogie cabin decreases gradually from head car to back car, air inlet area at skirt plate decreases, and air outlet area at skirt plate back increases. Snow grains are taken into bogie cabin by airflow past the cabin bottom and deposit continuously under the effect of flow field of bogie to form accumulated snow. Reasonably setting end plate angle of bogie can decrease the accumulating probability of snow in bogie cabin. Covering skirt plate can not decrease accumulated snow in bogie cabin, and is not recommended.